Thermocouple sensors are used to measure temperatures. They consist of two dissimilar metals joined together at their ends. The junction between the metals acts as an electrical conductor over which a small amount of heat can be applied or removed. When current passes through the junction, it causes a temperature difference across the junction due to its thermal properties. This temperature difference is measured using a thermometer. A single pair of dissimilar metals will have a different resistance when heated than when cooled. These differences result in voltage drops across the junction when current flows through it.

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